Qonda ingcamango kunye nohlobo lwesikhululo sokutshaja, kukunceda ukhethe isixhobo sokutshaja semoto yombane esifanelekileyo kuwe

Isishwankathelo: Ukungqubana phakathi kwezixhobo zehlabathi, okusingqongileyo, ukukhula kwabantu kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukufuna ukuseka imodeli entsha yophuhliso oludibeneyo phakathi komntu nendalo ngelixa kulandelwa uphuhliso lwempucuko yezinto eziphathekayo. Onke amazwe athathe amanyathelo okulungisa ulwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ukuze komelezwe ulawulo longcoliseko lomoya kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kusetyenziswe isicwangciso sophuhliso lwedolophu esinekhabhoni ephantsi, kunye nokuqinisa ucwangciso kunye nokwakhiwa kwezixeko.izixhobo zokutshaja iimoto zombane, izikhokelo ezifanelekileyo, inkxaso-mali kunye neenkcukacha zolawulo lolwakhiwo zikhutshwe nganye emva kwenye. Uphuhliso lweshishini lezithuthi zombane lulwalathiso olubalulekileyo lwesicwangciso esitsha samandla sikazwelonke, ukwakhiwa kwesicwangciso esigqibeleleyo samandlaizixhobo zokutshajayingcamango yokuphunyezwa kwemizi-mveliso yezithuthi zombane, ukwakhiwaizixhobo zokutshajakunye nophuhliso lwezithuthi zombane ziyahambelana, ziyakhuthazana.

Imeko yophuhliso lweenqwaba zokutshaja ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe

Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwemarike yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla kwihlabathi liphela, imfunoiinqwaba zokutshajaikwanyuke kakhulu, kwaye amazwe akwimarike yehlabathi angenise imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo, kwaye ingxelo entsha ye-International Energy Agency (IEA) ibonisa ukuba inani lezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi liphela liza kubanjwa ngo-2030. Liza kufikelela kwiiyunithi ezili-125 lezigidi, kwaye inani lazoizikhululo zokutshaja ze-EVezifakelweyo ziya kwanda. Okwangoku, iimarike eziphambili zezithuthi ezintsha zamandla zigxile eMelika, eFransi, eJamani, eNorway, eTshayina naseJapan, ngokusekelwe kwiinkalo ezintathu:ukusasazwa kwenqwaba yokutshaja imoto yombane, imeko yemarike kunye nendlela yokusebenza.

Ingcamango yenqwaba yokutshaja kunye nohlobo

Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokusebenzisaumbane kwizithuthi zombane: imo yokuzitshaja kunye nemo yokutshintsha ibhetri. Ezi ndlela zimbini ziye zazanywa kwaye zasetyenziswa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ehlabathini, phakathi kwazo kukho izifundo ezininzi kunye novavanyo kwimo yokuzitshaja, kwaye imo yokutshintsha ibhetri nayo iqalile ukufumana ingqalelo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Imo yokuzitshaja ibandakanya ngokukodwa iintlobo ezimbini: ukutshaja okuqhelekileyo kunyeukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kwaye oku kulandelayo kuza kuchaza ngokufutshane ingcamango kunye neentlobo zeenqwaba zokutshaja kwimo yokuzitshaja.

Iisikhululo sokutshaja izithuthi zombaneyenziwe kakhulu ngumzimba wenqwaba,imodyuli yokutshaja imoto yombane, imodyuli yokulinganisa kunye nezinye iindawo, ezinemisebenzi efana nokulinganisa amandla ombane, ukubiza, unxibelelwano, kunye nolawulo.

Uhlobo lwenqwaba yokutshaja kunye nomsebenzi wayo

Iinqwaba yokutshajaitshaja imoto yombane ehambelana nayo ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yevolthi. Umgaqo wokutshaja weitshaja ye-evkukuba emva kokuba ibhetri ikhutshiwe, iya kudlula kwibhetri ene-direct current kwicala elichaseneyo ne-discharge current ukuze ibuyisele amandla ayo okusebenza, kwaye le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-battery charging. Xa ibhetri itshajiwe, i-positive pole yebhetri iqhagamshelwe kwi-positive pole yombane, kwaye i-negative pole yebhetri iqhagamshelwe kwi-negative pole yombane, kwaye i-voltage yombane wokutshaja kufuneka ibe phezulu kune-total electromotive force yebhetri.Izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EVzahlulwe kakhulu zibeIinqwaba zokutshaja zeDCkwayeIinqwaba zokutshaja ze-AC, Iinqwaba zokutshaja zeDCzaziwa kakhulu ngokuba “kukutshaja ngokukhawuleza”, nto leyo eguqula kakhulu amandla e-AC ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunxulumene nombane, ukulungiswa, i-inverter, ukucoca kunye nokunye ukucutshungulwa, kwaye ekugqibeleni zifumane imveliso ye-DC, zibonelela ngamandla aneleyo okuthe ngqotshaja ibhetri yesithuthi sombane, i-voltage yokuphuma kunye noluhlu lohlengahlengiso lwangoku lukhulu, lunokufezekisa iimfuno zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza,Isitishi sokutshaja se-ACOku kwaziwa kakhulu ngokuba yi-"cothisa ukutshaja" kukusetyenziswa kojongano oluqhelekileyo lokutshaja kunye noqhagamshelo lwegridi ye-AC, ngokusebenzisa ukuhanjiswa kwetshaja ekwibhodini ukubonelela ngamandla e-AC kwibhetri yesithuthi sombane yezixhobo zokutshaja.