Qonda umxholo kunye nohlobo lwesikhululo sokutshaja, kukunceda ukhethe isixhobo sokutshaja isithuthi sombane esilungele wena.

Inkcaso: Ukuchasana phakathi kobutyebi behlabathi, okusingqongileyo, ukukhula kwabemi kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukufuna ukuseka imodeli entsha yophuhliso olulungelelanisiweyo phakathi komntu nendalo ngelixa kubambelela kuphuhliso lwempucuko ebonakalayo. Onke amazwe athathe amanyathelo okulungelelanisa ubume boshishino kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ukomeleza ulawulo lokungcoliseka komoya kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuphumeza isicwangciso sophuhliso lwekhabhoni ephantsi edolophini, nokomeleza ukucwangciswa nokwakhiwa kweedolophu.izibonelelo zokutshaja isithuthi sombane, isikhokelo esifanelekileyo, izibonelelo zemali kunye neenkcukacha zolawulo lolwakhiwo zikhutshwe enye emva kwenye. Uphuhliso loshishino lwezithuthi zombane lukhokelo olubalulekileyo lwesicwangciso sesizwe samandla amatsha, ukwakhiwa kokugqibeleleyoizixhobo zokutshajasisiseko sofezekiso loshishino lwemoto yombane, ukwakhiwa kweizixhobo zokutshajakunye nophuhliso lwezithuthi zombane ziyancedisana, zikhuthazane.

Ubume bophuhliso lokutshaja iimfumba ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwentengiso yezithuthi zamandla amatsha ehlabathi, imfuno yeukutshaja iimfumbaiye yanda kakhulu, kwaye amazwe kwimarike yehlabathi aqalise imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo, kwaye ingxelo entsha ye-International Energy Agency (IEA) ibonisa ukuba inani lehlabathi lezithuthi zombane liya kubanjwa ngo-2030 Kuya kufikelela kwiiyunithi ze-125 yezigidi, kunye nenaniizikhululo zokutshaja evefakiweyo iya kwanda. Okwangoku, iimarike eziphambili zeemoto zamandla amatsha zigxininiswe e-United States, eFransi, eJamani, eNorway, eChina naseJapan, ngokusekelwe kwimilinganiselo emithathu:imoto yombane yokutshaja imfumba yosasazo, imeko yemarike kunye nemo yokusebenza.

Ukutshaja ingcamango yemfumba kunye nohlobo

Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambiliunikezelo lwamandla kwizithuthi zombane: imo yokutshaja ngokwakho kunye nemowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri. Ezi ndlela zimbini zizanyiwe zaze zasetyenziswa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ehlabathini, phakathi kwazo kukho izifundo ezininzi kunye novavanyo kwimowudi yokuzitshaja, kwaye imowudi yokutshintsha ibhetri nayo iqalisile ukuhoywa kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Imodi yokuzitshaja ngokukodwa iquka iindidi ezimbini: ukutshaja okuqhelekileyo kunyeukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kwaye oku kulandelayo kuya kuchaza ngokufutshane ingcamango kunye neentlobo zeemfumba zokutshaja kwimo yokuzibiza.

Iisikhululo sokutshaja isithuthi sombaneikakhulu yenziwe ngumzimba wemfumba,imodyuli yokutshaja imoto yombane, imodyuli yokulinganisa iimitha kunye nezinye iindawo, ezinemisebenzi efana nokubala amandla ombane, ukuhlawula, unxibelelwano, kunye nolawulo.

Ukutshaja uhlobo lwemfumba kunye nomsebenzi

Iinqwaba yokutshajaihlawulisa isithuthi sombane esihambelanayo ngokwamanqanaba ombane ahlukeneyo. Umgaqo wokutshaja weev itshajakukuba emva kokuba ibhetri ikhutshwe, iya kudlula ibhetri ngokuhambelana ngqo kwicala elichasene nokukhutshwa kwangoku ukubuyisela amandla ayo okusebenza, kwaye le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yibhetri yokutshaja. Xa ibhetri itshajiwe, ipali eqinisekileyo yebhetri iqhagamshelwe kwipali evumayo yonikezelo lwamandla, kwaye ipali engalunganga yebhetri iqhagamshelwe kwipali engalunganga yobonelelo lwamandla, kwaye umbane wombane wokutshaja kufuneka ube phezulu kunombane opheleleyo we-electromotive webhetri.Izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EVzahlulwe ikakhulu zibeDC ukutshaja iimfumbakwayeIimfumba zokutshaja ze-AC, DC ukutshaja iimfumbaziyaziwa njenge "ukutshaja okukhawulezayo", leyo ikakhulu iguqula amandla e-AC ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ehambelana nombane wombane, ukulungiswa, i-inverter, ukuhluza kunye nokunye ukusetyenzwa, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifumane imveliso ye-DC, inike amandla awoneleyo ngokuthe ngqo.ukutshaja ibhetri yemoto yombane, i-voltage ephumayo kunye noluhlu lohlengahlengiso lwangoku lukhulu, lunokufezekisa iimfuno zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza,Isikhululo sokutshaja se-ACngokuqhelekileyo kwaziwa ngokuba "ukutshaja okucothayo" kusetyenziso lojongano lokutshaja olusemgangathweni kunye noqhagamshelo lwegridi ye-AC, ngokuqhutywa kwetshaja esebhodini ukunika amandla e-AC kwibhetri yemoto yombane yezixhobo zokutshaja.