Imeko yeHlabathi yeZiseko zokuTshaja ze-EV: Iindlela, Amathuba, kunye neMpembelelo yoMgaqo-nkqubo

Utshintsho lwehlabathi oluya kwizithuthi zombane (ii-EV) lubekwe kwindawoIzikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV, iitshaja ze-AC, iitshaja ze-DC ezikhawulezayo, kunye neenqwaba zokutshaja ze-EV njengeentsika ezibalulekileyo zothutho oluzinzileyo. Njengoko iimarike zamazwe ngamazwe zikhawulezisa ukutshintshela kwazo ekuhambeleni okuluhlaza, ukuqonda iindlela ezikhoyo zokwamkelwa, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, kunye nokuguquguquka kwemigaqo-nkqubo kubalulekile kumashishini nakubathengi ngokufanayo.

Ukungena kwiMarike kunye neeNdlela zeSithili

1. UMntla Melika: Ulwando olukhawulezileyo oluxhaswa yiMigaqo-nkqubo
I-US ikhokela ukukhula kweziseko zophuhliso ze-EV eMntla Melika, iqhutywa nguMthetho weZiseko zoPhuhliso zeBipartisan, obeka i-$7.5 yeebhiliyoni ukwakha ii-500,000izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV zikawonke-wonkengo-2030. NgelixaIitshaja ze-AC(Inqanaba lesi-2) lilawula ukufakelwa kweendawo zokuhlala nezendawo yokusebenza, imfunoIitshaja ezikhawulezayo zeDC(Inqanaba lesi-3) liyakhula, ngakumbi kwiindlela ezinkulu nakwiindawo zorhwebo. Inethiwekhi yeTesla yeSupercharger kunye nezikhululo ze-Electrify America ezikhawulezayo kakhulu zidlala indima ephambili, nangona imingeni efana nokubiwa kweentambo kunye neentlawulo eziphezulu zenkonzo zisekho.

2. IYurophu: Iinjongo Ezineenjongo Eziphezulu kunye Nezikhewu Zeziseko Zophuhliso
Ukutshaja kwe-EV eYurophu emva kokufakwa kukhuthazwa yimithetho engqongqo yokukhupha ukungcola, njengokuvalwa kwe-EU ngo-2035 kwiinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi. I-UK, umzekelo, iceba ukufaka ii-145,000 ezintsha.izitishi zokutshaja iimoto zombaneminyaka le, iLondon sele isebenza kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezingama-20,000. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungalingani kwemimandla: Iitshaja zeDC zisagcwele kwiindawo zasezidolophini, kwaye ukonakalisa (umz., ukunqunyulwa kweentambo) kubangela imingeni yokusebenza.

3. I-Asia-Pacific: IiMarike Ezisakhasayo kunye noBuchule
yaseOstreliyaInqwaba yokutshaja ye-EVImarike ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ixhaswa zizibonelelo zikarhulumente kunye nobudlelwane bokwandisa uthungelwano kwiindawo ezikude. Okwangoku, iTshayina ilawula ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphelaIitshaja ze-AC/DC, kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuvelisa ezingabizi kakhulu kunye nezisombululo zokutshaja ezikrelekrele. Iimpawu zaseTshayina ngoku zibiza ngaphezulu kwama-60% ezixhobo zokutshaja zaseYurophu ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe, nangona kukho imiqobo yokuqinisekisa ekhulayo.

Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji oluBumba ikamva

• Iitshaja ze-DC ezinamandla aphezulu: Izikhululo zokutshaja ze-DC zesizukulwana esilandelayo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-360kW) zinciphisa amaxesha okutshaja abe ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-20, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinqanawa zorhwebo kunye nokuhamba umgama omde.
• V2GIinkqubo (zeMoto ukusuka kwiGridi ukuya kwiGridi): Iitshaja ze-EV ezisebenzisa i-Bidirectional EV zivumela ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokuzinziswa kwegridi, okuhambelana nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
• Izisombululo zokutshaja ezikrelekrele: Izithuba zokutshaja ze-EV ezisebenza nge-IoT ezineI-OCPP 2.0ukuthobela kuvumela ulawulo lomthwalo oluguquguqukayo kunye nolawulo lwe-app olusebenziseka lula.

Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye neMirhumo: Amathuba kunye nemingeni

1. Izikhuthazo Eziqhuba Ukwamkelwa Kwabanye

Oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela bakhupha inkxaso-mali kwiziseko zokutshaja iimoto zikagesi. Umzekelo:

• I-US inikezela ngeekhredithi zerhafu ezigubungela i-30% yeendleko zokufakela kwiitshaja zeDC ezikhawulezayo zorhwebo.
• I-Australia ibonelela ngezibonelelo kwizikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV ezidityaniswe nelanga kwiindawo zengingqi.

2. Izithintelo zeRhafu kunye neemfuno zeNdawo
Ngelixa iipali zokutshaja ze-EV zaseTshayina zilawula ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iimarike ezifana ne-US kunye ne-EU ziqinisa imithetho yendawo. UMthetho woKuncitshiswa kweNkunkuma ye-US (IRA) uyalela ukuba ama-55% eenxalenye zetshaja aveliswe ngaphakathi ngo-2026, nto leyo echaphazela uthungelwano lwehlabathi. Ngokufanayo, isiqinisekiso se-CE saseYurophu kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwe-cyber (umz., i-ISO 15118) ifuna uhlengahlengiso olubizayo kubavelisi bamanye amazwe.

3. Imigaqo yeNtlawulo yeNkonzo
Iimodeli zamaxabiso ezingamiselwanga semgangathweni (umz., iifizi zenkonzo ezidlula iindleko zombane eTshayina nase-US) zibonisa imfuneko yemigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo. Oorhulumente bayangenelela ngakumbi; umzekelo, iJamani ibeka imirhumo yeenkonzo zesikhululo sikawonke-wonke sokutshaja i-EV kwi-€0.40/kWh.

Imbono Yekamva: Imarike Exabisa Iibhiliyoni Ezingama-200 zeerandi ngo-2030
Imakethi yeziseko zophuhliso ze-EV kwihlabathi liphela kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kwi-29.1% CAGR, ifikelele kwi-$200 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2030. Iindlela eziphambili ziquka:

• IiNethiwekhi zokutshaja eziKhawulezayo kakhulu:Iitshaja ze-DC ezingama-350kW+ukuxhasa iilori kunye neebhasi.
• Ukufakelwa kombane emaphandleni: Izithuba zokutshaja ze-EV ezisebenza ngamandla elanga kwiindawo ezingafumani nkonzo ingako.
• Ukutshintshana kweebhetri: Kuhambelana nezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV kwiindawo ezifunwa kakhulu.

Isiphelo
Ukwanda kweIitshaja ze-EV, izitishi zokutshaja ze-AC/DC, kunye neenqwaba zokutshaja ze-EV zitshintsha uthutho lwehlabathi. Ngelixa inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nophuhliso ziqhuba ukukhula, amashishini kufuneka ahambe kwiingxaki zerhafu kunye neemfuno zendawo. Ngokubeka phambili ukusebenzisana, uzinzo, kunye noyilo olujolise kubasebenzisi, abachaphazelekayo banokuvula amandla apheleleyo olu shishino oluguqulayo.

Joyina iNtshukumo eya kwikamva eliluhlaza
Hlola izisombululo zokutshaja ze-EV ezisemgangathweni zeBeiHai Power Group—eziqinisekisiweyo, ezinokulinganiswa, kwaye zilungiselelwe iimarike zehlabathi. Masisebenze kunye kwixesha elizayo lokuhambahamba.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemarike okanye amathuba okubambisana, nxibelelana nathi namhlanje.