Uluhlu lweShishini lokuTshaja – UkuTshaja Izixhobo zePile Manufacturing kunye ne-CPO

Ishishini lokuvelisa iipali zokutshaja likhuphisana kakhulu, kwaye izatifikethi zaphesheya zingqongqo

• Kwicandelo eliphakathi, abadlali bahlulwe kakhulu baba ziindidi ezimbini:izixhobo zokutshaja inqwabakunye nolwakhiwo. Kwicala lezixhobo, oku kubandakanya ikakhulu abavelisi beIzixhobo zokutshaja zeDC, Izixhobo zokutshaja ze-AC, kunye nezixhobo ezifana nezixhobo zokutshaja ezingenazingcingo, izixhobo zokutshintshana ngebhetri, kunye neetshaja ezikwibhodi. Kwicala lolwakhiwo, ikakhulu kubandakanya iiprojekthi ze-EPC zesikhululo sokutshaja. Umthombo ophakathiUkuveliswa kwenqwaba yokutshaja i-evEli shishini likhuphisana kakhulu, kwaye ngoku kukho abathengisi abangaphezu kwama-300 abasebenza eTshayina.

• Iinqwaba zokutshaja ezithunyelwa eYurophu nase-United States zihlala zifunaIsiqinisekiso se-CEokanyeUL, I-FCCokanyeI-ETLisiqinisekiso. I-EU ifuna isiqinisekiso se-CE, esinexesha elifutshane lokucubungula; i-US ifuna isiqinisekiso se-UL, esinexesha elide lokucubungula.

1. Iinqwaba zokutshaja iimoto zombaneIimpahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe e-EU kufuneka zenze isiqinisekiso se-CE phantsi kwemiyalelo ye-LVD + EMC. Le yimfuneko enyanzelekileyo phantsi komthetho we-EU. Isiqinisekiso se-CE sivavanya ukhuseleko lwemveliso, ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukhuseleko lombane nolwemishini. Imiyalelo ye-LVD Uvavanyo lwe-CE lweenqwaba zokutshaja lubandakanya ukufakelwa kwe-LVD, i-LVD high voltage, i-LVD residual current, kunye ne-LVD grounding. Imiyalelo ye-EMC ifuna uvavanyo ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo yokhuseleko, ebonisa ukuba izixhobo ziyahambelana ne-EU Declaration of Conformity EMC Directive 2014/30/EU, kwaye ibonise ukuba izixhobo ziphumelele uvavanyo lomgangatho wokhuseleko lwe-EU ngokudwelisa le migangatho kunye neenombolo zengxelo kumaxwebhu.
2. Iinqwaba zokutshaja iimoto zombane Ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eMelika zihlala zifuna isiqinisekiso se-UL, FCC, okanye i-ETL. Isiqinisekiso se-UL sifutshane nesiqinisekiso se-Underwriters Laboratories, umbutho wabucala onegunya neyona inkulu ehlabathini obandakanyeka kuvavanyo lokhuseleko kunye nesiqinisekiso. Isiqinisekiso se-UL asinyanzelekanga kwaye sivavanya kwaye siqinisekisa ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwemveliso; umda waso awubandakanyi iimpawu ze-EMC (ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic). Isiqinisekiso se-FCC sisiqinisekiso se-EMC esinyanzelekileyo eMelika; iimveliso ze-elektroniki kunye nezombane ezithengiswa eMelika zifuna isiqinisekiso se-FCC. Isiqinisekiso se-ETL luphawu lwesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko olufunekayo ukuze kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe eMelika naseKhanada, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba imveliso iphumelele uvavanyo lokuvunywa yi-US NRTL kunye/okanye i-Canadian SCC, kwaye inamandla alinganayo neempawu ze-UL okanye ze-CSA.

Uvavanyo lweSatifikethi se-CE oluqulethwe kwiIzikhululo zokutshaja iimoto zombane

Intshayelelo eMelikaIsitishi sokutshaja se-EVIimpawu zeSatifikethi

Ukudibana kweemodeli ezininzi, imiqobo ephezulu yokungena

• Ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zotyalo-mali kunye nolawulo, iimodeli zoshishino zeinqwaba yokutshaja ye-evAbaqhubi benethiwekhi banokwahlulwahlulwa ngokubanzi babe ziintlobo ezintathu: abakhokelwa ngumqhubi, abakhokelwa ngumvelisi/abasebenzisanayo, kunye nabakhokelwa yiqonga lenkonzo yokutshaja yomntu wesithathu. Imodeli ekhokelwa ngumqhubi, emelwe zii-CPO ezahlukeneyo (Abanini beKhontrakthi), igxile ekusebenziseni izinto zayo kunye nokubonelela ngehardware kunye nesoftware.izisombululo zokutshaja ze-EVAbaqhubi banokwahlulwahlulwa ngakumbi liqumrhu kunye nomnikezeli weenkonzo, kuquka iinkampani zikarhulumente/zegridi yamandla, iinkampani zamandla e-petrochemical, imibutho yezithuthi, kunye nabaqhubi besoftware. Imodeli ekhokelwa ngumenzi wezithuthi/yentsebenziswano, emelwe yiTesla, inikaiinkonzo zokutshajakubanini beemoto zayo. Imodeli ekhokelwa yiqonga lenkonzo yokutshaja yomntu wesithathu, emelwe ziinkampani ezifana neChargepoint, iqhagamshela abasebenzisi kunye nabaqhubi bokutshaja ngokusekelwe kwiimpahla ngokusebenzisa iinethiwekhi zokutshaja zomntu wesithathu.

• Phantsi kwemodeli ekhokelwa ngumqhubi, umqhubi ugqibezela utyalo-mali, ulwakhiwo, ukusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa kweizikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV, kwaye ibonelela ngeenkonzo zokutshaja kubasebenzisi. Le modeli idibanisa kakhulu izixhobo ezisezantsi neziphezulu kwicandelo leshishini, ithatha inxaxheba ngokubambisana kwi-R&D yetekhnoloji yokutshaja kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo. Ifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu kwangaphambili kwiziseko zophuhliso ezifana neendawo kunyeihabhu yokutshaja ye-ev, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumsebenzi odinga imali eninzi ofuna izixhobo zemali ezomeleleyo kunye nezakhono zokusebenza ezibanzi. Inzuzo ixhomekeke kwizinga lokusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye.iiport zokutshaja ze-evkunye neentlawulo zenkonzo zokuhlawulisa.

• Iimodeli zokusebenza ezikhokelwa ngabakhi beemoto zahlulwe zibeizikhululo zokutshaja ezakhelwe zonakunye nokwakhiwa kwesitishi sokutshaja ngokubambisana. Inzuzo yemodeli ezakhelwe ngokwayo ivela kuphela kumahluko wexabiso lombane kunye neentlawulo zenkonzo, kwaye isiseko sabathengi bayo sinqunyelwe kubathengi abakhoyo bomenzi weemoto. Ukusetyenziswa kwesitishi sokutshaja kuphantsi, okwenza kube nzima ukuvelisa inzuzo. Le modeli ifanelekile ngakumbi kubenzi beemoto abanabathengi abaninzi kunye namashishini azinzileyo. Kwimodeli yokwakha isitishi sokutshaja ngokubambisana, abenzi beemoto basebenzisana neabaqhubi bokutshajaukwakha izitishi, apho umenzi weemoto ebonelela ngesiseko sabathengi kunye nomqhubi wokutshaja ebonelela ngombane kunye netekhnoloji, nto leyo efezekisa imeko yokuphumelela kwabo bonke.

• Phantsi komzekelo weqonga lenkonzo yokutshaja lomntu wesithathu, iqonga lenkonzo ngokubanzi alithathi nxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kutyalo-mali nokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zokutshaja. Endaweni yoko, lisebenzisa amandla alo okudibanisa izixhobo ukuqhagamshela izikhululo zokutshaja ezivela kubaqhubi bokutshaja abahlukeneyo kwiqonga lalo. Lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokudibanisa idatha enkulu kunye nezixhobo kunye nokwabiwa kwazo, lidibanisa izikhululo zokutshaja ezivela kubaqhubi abahlukeneyo, liphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zokutshaja ngazinye. Ngokusebenzisa uyilo lwenkonzo "kwi-intanethi + ngaphandle kweintanethi", libonelela abasebenzisi be-C-end ngeenkonzo zokutshaja eziphela kanye kuquka ukutshaja, inkonzo emva kokuthengisa, kunye neenkonzo zendlela yokuphila, liphucula amava okutshaja komsebenzisi. Kwangaxeshanye, ababoneleli beenkonzo zokutshaja bomntu wesithathu babonelela abaqhubi be-B-end ngeenkonzo zokusebenza ezicociweyo kwi-intanethi kunye neenkonzo zokugcinwa ngaphandle kwe-intanethi, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukuphuculwa komgangatho wenkonzo yokutshaja kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Imodeli yenzuzo ikakhulu ivela kwintlawulo yenkonzo ekwabelwana ngayo ngabaqhubi bokutshaja kunye nezinye iintlawulo zenkonzo ezongeziweyo.

Iindlela Zekamva – Ukuvelisa Izinto Ezintsha Nokuphucula Iimodeli Zokusebenza

• Iinqwaba zokutshaja ezihlukanisiweyo ziyatshintsha kancinci kancinciizikhululo zokutshaja ezidibeneyoKwimeko efanayo yokutshaja,Izikhululo zokutshaja iiMoto zoMbaneZingasebenzisa iimodyuli ngendlela eguquguqukayo, ziphucule ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nexesha lokutshintsha, ziphucule ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo.

• Iinqwaba zokutshaja eziguquguqukayo zixhomekeke "kwi-power fusion + dynamic allocation" ukusombulula ingxaki yamandla asisigxina kwizikhululo zokutshaja esinye, zilungelelanisa neemfuno zokutshaja ezahlukeneyo.

• Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo ze-photovoltaic, zokugcina amandla, kunye nokutshaja zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo impembeleloinqwaba yokutshaja enkuluukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiigridi zamandla zasekuhlaleni. Kwixesha elizayo, baya kubonisa umkhwa okhokelela kwiicomplexes ezinemisebenzi emininzi ezidibanisa “izitishi ezingaphantsi + izitishi zokutshaja + izitishi zeziko ledatha + izitishi zokusasazwa kwe-DC + izitishi zokugcina amandla + izikhululo zokugcina amandla + ukuzalisa igesi + ukutshintsha ibhetri.” “Uvavanyo lokutshaja lwe-Photovoltaic-energy storage-charging” luhlobo olutsha lweinkonzo yokutshaja isithuthi esitsha samandlaisixhobo esidibanisa i-photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya ibhetri. Ngexesha lokutshaja, abasebenzisi banokufezekisa imisebenzi efana novavanyo lwebhetri, ukuqondwa kwepleyiti yelayisensi, ukutshaja ngamacandelo amabini/ukukhupha (V2G), kunye nokusebenza kwesikhululo sokutshaja esijikeleze iziqithi. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zingasebenzisa amaxabiso ombane angekho phezulu ebusuku ukugcina amandla, kwaye ngexesha lokutshaja okuphezulu, zinokubonelela ngombane kwizikhululo zokutshaja kunye namandla egridi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu, ukufikelela ekuchebeni okuphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo. Nokuba ngexesha lokucima kwegridi, inkqubo yokugcina amandla isenokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokutshaja kubasebenzisi. Oku kunokuphucula inzuzo yabaqhubi bokutshaja ngokusebenzisa iimodeli ezintathu zenzuzo: ukuzisebenzisa ngokwakho umbane oveliswayo kunye noqhagamshelo lwegridi yombane ongaphezulu ukunciphisa iindleko zombane; i-arbitrage yamaxabiso e-peak-valley; kunye nolawulo lwentlawulo yombane olusekelwe kumthamo.

• Izithuthi zombane ezinkulu phantsi kwe-V2G zinokubonelela ngamandla ukusuka kwi-MW ukuya kwi-GW, ngexesha lokukhupha eliqhubekayo ngeyure kunye nesantya sempendulo senqanaba lesibini, zidibanisa iingenelo zokugcina amandla ohlobo lwamandla kunye nohlobo lwamandla, kwaye zinamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa.

Iingenelo kunye nemingeni yezikhululo ezidibeneyo ze-photovoltaic, zokugcina amandla kunye nokutshaja

-ISIPHELO-