Uvavanyo lokukhusela umhlaba kwiinqwaba zokutshaja ze-AC/DC kwizithuthi ezintsha zamandla

1. Ukhuseleko lokusila umhlaba kwiinqwaba zokutshaja

Izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini:Iinqwaba zokutshaja ze-ACkunye neenqwaba zokutshaja ze-DC. Iinqwaba zokutshaja ze-AC zibonelela ngamandla e-220V AC, aguqulwa abe ngamandla e-DC aphezulu yitshaja ekwibhodi ukuze itshaje ibhetri yamandla.Iinqwaba zokutshaja zeDCinika amandla e-AC angama-380V anezigaba ezintathu, atshaja ibhetri ngokuthe ngqo ngezibuko lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokudlula kwitshaja ekwibhodi. Umgangatho wesizwe we-GB/T20234.1 ucacisa ngokucacileyo iimfuno zeendawo zokudibana kwezithuthi kunye neendawo zokudibana kombane.Iitshaja ze-AC EVsebenzisa ujongano lwesizwe olusemgangathweni oluneephini ezisixhenxe, ngelixaIitshaja zeDCsebenzisa ujongano olusemgangathweni lwesizwe olunezikhonkwane ezilithoba. Iikhonkwane ze-PE zeendawo ezimbini zokutshaja ezikwicala lesithuthi zombini ziziziphelo zokumisa umhlaba (jonga uMfanekiso 1). Umsebenzi we-PE yocingo lomhlaba kukuyimisa ngokuthembekileyo umzimba wesithuthi sombane nge-ACisikhululo sokutshaja iimoto zombaneKwi-GB/T 18487.1 esemgangathweni kazwelonke, i-PE yocingo lomhlaba yesixhobo sombane kufuneka iqhagamshelwe kumhlaba womzimba wesithuthi sombane (iphini ye-PE kuMfanekiso 1) ukuze imo yokutshaja yesithuthi sombane isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo.

Umfanekiso 1. Iphini ye-PE ye-Vehicle-Side Charging Interface

Ukuthatha indlela yokutshaja apho i-ACisikhululo sokutshaja izithuthi zombaneisebenzisa isixhumi seeplagi ezimbini zesithuthi ukuqhagamshela kwiizibuko lokutshaja lesithuthi sombaneUmzekelo, isekethe yokulawula yale nkqubo yokutshaja iyahlalutywa, kwaye umzobo wayo wesekethe uboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

Xa izixhobo zombane zimiselwe ukutshaja, ukuba izixhobo azinaziphene, i-voltage kwindawo yokubhaqwa 1 kufuneka ibe yi-12V.

Xa umqhubi ebambe umpu wokutshaja aze acinezele isitshixo somatshini, i-S3 iyavalwa, kodwa ujongano lwesithuthi aluqhagamshelwanga ngokupheleleyo, i-voltage kwindawo yokubona 1 yi-9V.

Xaumpu wokutshajaiqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo kwizibuko lokutshaja lesithuthi, i-S2 iyavalwa. Ngeli xesha, i-voltage kwindawo yokubona 1 yehla ngokukhawuleza. Izixhobo zombane ziqinisekisa isignali ngoqhagamshelo lwe-CC kwaye zichonga umbane onokumelana nawo intambo yokutshaja, zitshintsha iswitshi S1 ukusuka kwisiphelo se-12V ukuya kwisiphelo se-PWM.

Xa i-voltage kwindawo yokufumanisa 1 yehla iye kwi-6V, itshintsha i-K1 kunye ne-K2 yezixhobo zombane kufutshane nomsinga wokuphuma, ngaloo ndlela igqibezela isekethe yokubonelela ngombane. Emva kokuba isithuthi sombane kunye nezixhobo zokubonelela ngombane ziqalise uqhagamshelo lombane, isixhobo solawulo lwesithuthi simisela amandla okubonelela ngombane aphezulu kwizixhobo zokubonelela ngombane ngokugweba umjikelo womsebenzi wesignali ye-PWM kwindawo yokufumanisa 2. Umzekelo, kwinqwaba yokutshaja ye-16A, umjikelo womsebenzi yi-73.4%, ngoko ke i-voltage kwisiphelo se-CP iyatshintshatshintsha phakathi kwe-6V kunye ne-12V, ngelixa i-voltage kwisiphelo se-CC… I-voltage yesiphelo yehla ukusuka kwi-4.9V (imeko eqhagamshelweyo) ukuya kwi-1.4V (imeko yokutshaja).

Nje ukuba iyunithi yolawulo lwesithuthi igqibe ekubeni uqhagamshelo lokutshaja luqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo (oko kukuthi, i-S3 kunye ne-S2 zivaliwe) kwaye igqibezela useto lombane ophezulu ovumelekileyo wetshaja ekwibhodi (ii-S1 zitshintshela kwisiphelo se-PWM, i-K1 kunye ne-K2 zivaliwe), itshaja ekwibhodi iqala ukutshaja isithuthi sombane.

Ngethuba lale nkqubo, ukuba ucingo oluphantsi lwe-PE luqhawukile, akuyi kubakho tshintsho lwe-voltage kwindawo yokufumanisa, isekethe yombane ayinakuqhutywa, kwaye uqhagamshelo lombane alunakumiselwa phakathi kwesithuthi sombane kunye nezixhobo zombane. Kwimeko enjalo, itshaja ekwibhodi iya kuba kwimeko yokucima umbane.

2. Uvavanyo lokuqhawula isiseko senkqubo yokutshaja

Ukuba isiseko seInkqubo yokutshaja yenqwaba yokutshaja ye-ACUkuba azikho semgangathweni, izixhobo zombane ziya kuvuza umbane, nto leyo enokubangela ukutshayiswa ngumbane kunye nokwenzakala komntu. Ke ngoko, ukuvavanya nokuhlola iipali zokutshaja kubalulekile. Ngokwemigangatho efana ne-GB/T20324, i-GB/T 18487, kunye ne-NB/T 33008, uvavanyo lweepali zokutshaja ze-AC luquka ikakhulu ukuhlolwa ngokubanzi, uvavanyo lokutshintsha isekethe yomthwalo, kunye novavanyo lokungaqheleki konxibelelwano. Ukusebenzisa i-BAIC EV200 njengomzekelo, impembelelo yokumiswa kwe-PE okungaqhelekanga kwimeko yokutshaja kwenkqubo yokutshaja ibonwa ngokuvavanya utshintsho lwangoku lokufaka kunye nokukhupha kwitshaja ekwibhodi.

Kwinkqubo eboniswe kuMfanekiso 3, iiterminal zeCC kunye neCP kwicala lasekhohlo letshaja ekwibhodi ziimigca zesignali zokulawula ukutshaja; i-PE yintambo yomhlaba; kwaye i-L kunye ne-N ziiterminal zokufaka ze-220V AC.

Iiterminals ezikwicala lasekunene lomzobo wetshaja ekwibhodi ziziterminals zonxibelelwano ezine-voltage ephantsi. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukubuyisela isignali yetshaja ekwibhodi kumgca wokuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo lwe-VCU, ukuvula umgca wesignali yokuvuka yokutshaja ukuze kuvuswe iphaneli yesixhobo ebonisa imeko yoqhagamshelo, kwaye ukuze itshaja ivuse i-VCU kunye ne-BMS. I-VCU emva koko ivusa iphaneli yesixhobo ukuze iqale ukubonisa imeko yokutshaja. Iireyi eziphambili ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngaphakathi kwebhetri yamandla zilawulwa yi-BMS ukuze zivalwe ngemiyalelo evela kwi-VCU, zigqibezela inkqubo yokutshaja ibhetri yamandla. Iterminal esezantsi kwetshaja ekwibhodi kuMfanekiso 3, eqhagamshelwe kwibhokisi yokulawula ene-voltage ephezulu, yiterminal ye-DC output ene-voltage ephezulu.

Kuvavanyo lwe-PE grounding fault, kusetyenziswe ii-clamps ezimbini zamandla ombane ukulinganisa ngaxeshanye i-input kunye ne-output currents. I-PE open-circuit fault yamiselwa kusetyenziswa umbane we-AC ozenzele wona. Xa umgca we-PE wawuhlala uphantsi komhlaba, iswitshi yokumisa umhlaba yayivuliwe. Xa i-current clamp isetyenziswa kumgca we-L (okanye we-N), i-AC input current elinganisiweyo yetshaja ekwibhodi yayimalunga ne-16A. Xa enye i-current clamp isetyenziswa kwi-DC output power terminal yetshaja ekwibhodi, i-current elinganisiweyo yayimalunga ne-9A.

Xa ucingo lwe-PE grounding luqhawukile kwaye iswitshi yokumisa ivaliwe, umbane we-AC input olinganisiweyo wetshaja ekwibhodi yayiyi-0A, kwaye umbane we-DC output nawo yayiyi-0A. Emva kokuphinda kwenziwe uvavanyo lwe-open-circuit, zombini ii-currents zibuyele kwi-0A ngoko nangoko. Olu vavanyo lwe-open-circuit kwi-PE terminal lubonisa ukuba xa ucingo lwe-PE grounding luqhawukile, akukho mbane kwii-input and output terminals zetshaja ekwibhodi, oko kuthetha ukuba itshaja ekwibhodi ayisebenzi kwaye ke ngoko ayikhuphi umbane we-high-voltage kwibhokisi yokulawula ye-high-voltage, nto leyo ethintela ibhetri yamandla ekutshajeni.

Ukhuseleko lokumisa umhlaba kwiinqwaba zokutshaja ze-AC lubalulekile. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko lokumisa umhlaba, izitishi zokutshaja zinokubangela iingozi zokutshaja ngombane. Ngenxa yokhuseleko lokuzicima kwesekethe yokutshaja, uqhagamshelo alunakusekwa phakathi kwesithuthi sombane kunye nezixhobo zombane, kwaye itshaja ekwibhodi ayizukusebenza.

-ISIPHELO-